Good governance plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development in Bangladesh. It provides the foundation for economic growth, environmental preservation, social equity, and the overall well-being of the nation. By focusing on transparency, accountability, and citizen involvement, good governance ensures efficient management of public affairs [1].
Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction
One of the main ways good governance supports sustainable development is by promoting economic growth. In Bangladesh, good governance has contributed to significant progress in reducing poverty. The poverty rate has decreased from 44.2% in 1991 to 20.5% in 2020 [1]. Good governance creates an environment conducive to private sector investment and innovation, which are crucial for economic expansion. It fosters a predictable and stable business environment, lowers corruption, and protects property rights [1]. Initiatives like the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (BIDA) have streamlined the process of obtaining permits and approvals for investment projects, attracting both foreign and domestic investments [1].
Environmental Protection and Resource Management
Good governance is essential for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable resource management. In Bangladesh, access to safely managed drinking water is still a challenge, with only 47.9% of the population having access [1]. Good governance can prevent overexploitation and resource depletion by encouraging transparency and accountability in the management of natural resources. It enforces environmental laws and regulations and ensures the accurate assessment and management of the environmental effects of development activities [1]. Costa Rica serves as an example where good governance has played a key role in sustainable tourism, generating economic growth while preserving the environment [1].
Quality of Life and Public Services
Good governance significantly improves the quality of life by ensuring timely and cost-effective delivery of public services. In Bangladesh, there have been notable improvements in educational accessibility and healthcare. Literacy rates have increased from 43.3% in 1991 to 68.3% in 2019, and the gross enrollment rate in primary education has reached 100% in 2016 [1]. The maternal mortality rate has also decreased from 322 per 100,000 live births in 2001 to 173 per 100,000 live births in 2020 [1]. Good governance promotes transparency in public spending and budget allocation, ensuring resources are directed towards poverty reduction programs and social services for those in need [1].
Political Stability and Citizen Participation
Stable political conditions fostered by good governance support economic growth and development. Upholding the rule of law and safeguarding human rights create transparent and accountable governance structures. Citizen participation in decision-making and holding leaders accountable are encouraged under good governance, resulting in a more informed and involved populace [1]. Strong democratic institutions are necessary for effective government, and decentralization and devolution of power empower local communities to take responsibility for their own development [1].
Key Components of Good Governance
To achieve good governance, several essential components must be in place:
- Effective institutions
- Accountable and transparent decision-making processes
- Strong legal and regulatory framework
- Commitment to upholding the rule of law and safeguarding human rights
- Culture of openness and accountability
- Democratic institutions and citizen participation
- Strong anti-corruption measures
- Investment in human resource development for public service improvement [1].
By focusing on these components, the government can ensure transparency in operations, effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and the recruitment of highly qualified personnel [1].
In conclusion, good governance is crucial for sustainable development in Bangladesh. It supports economic growth, environmental protection, and the delivery of quality public services. By upholding the rule of law, promoting transparency and accountability, and empowering citizens, Bangladesh can continue its progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Learn more: